Izikhewu zamandla eziguquguqukayo zenqanaba le-Millisecond kwi-AI server rack BBUs: Kutheni i-“hybrid supercapacitor (LIC) + BBU” ifanelekile ngakumbi?

Iirakhi zeseva ye-AI zifumana ukunyuka kwamandla kwinqanaba le-millisecond (ngesiqhelo i-1–50 ms) kunye nokwehla kwe-voltage yebhasi ye-DC ngexesha lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza phakathi koqeqesho kunye nemithwalo ye-inference. I-NVIDIA, kuyilo lwayo lwerakhi yamandla ye-GB300 NVL72, ikhankanya ukuba irakhi yayo yamandla idibanisa izinto zokugcina amandla kwaye isebenza nomlawuli ukufezekisa ukuthambisa amandla okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lerakhi (jonga ireferensi [1]).

Kwimisebenzi yobunjineli, ukusebenzisa i-“hybrid supercapacitor (LIC) + BBU (iBattery Backup Unit)” ukwenza umaleko we-buffer okufutshane kunokwahlulahlula “impendulo yexesha elifutshane” kunye “namandla okugcina idatha amafutshane”: i-LIC inoxanduva lokuhlawula i-millisecond level, kwaye i-BBU inoxanduva lokuthathwa kwenqanaba lesibini ukuya kwelemizuzu. Eli nqaku libonelela ngendlela yokukhetha ephinda ivele kwiinjineli, uluhlu lwezalathisi eziphambili, kunye nezinto zokuqinisekisa. Ukuthatha i-YMIN SLF 4.0V 4500F (iyunithi enye ye-ESR≤0.8mΩ, i-continuous discharge current 200A, iiparameter kufuneka zibhekisele kwiphepha leenkcukacha [3]) njengomzekelo, inika iingcebiso zokumisela kunye nenkxaso yedatha yokuthelekisa.

Izixhobo zombane ze-BBU ezirekhi zihambisa "ukukhanya kwamandla okwethutyana" kufutshane nomthwalo.

Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwamandla erakhi enye kufikelela kumakhulu ee-kilowatts, umthwalo womsebenzi we-AI unokubangela ukunyuka kwamandla angoku ngexesha elifutshane. Ukuba ukuhla kwevolthi yebhasi kudlula umda wenkqubo, kunokubangela ukhuseleko lwebhodi yomama, iimpazamo ze-GPU, okanye ukuqalisa kwakhona. Ukunciphisa iimpembelelo eziphezulu kumbane ongaphezulu kunye negridi, ezinye izakhiwo zingenisa amaqhinga okulawula amandla kunye nokulawula ngaphakathi kwerakhi yombane yerakhi, okuvumela ukuba ukunyuka kwamandla "kuthathwe kwaye kukhutshwe kwindawo" ngaphakathi kwerakhi. Umyalezo ophambili wolu yilo ngulo: iingxaki zexesha elifutshane kufuneka zijongwane nazo kuqala kwindawo ekufutshane nomthwalo.

Kwiiseva ezixhotyiswe ngee-GPU zamandla aphezulu kakhulu (ezikwinqanaba le-kilowatt) ezifana ne-NVIDIA GB200/GB300, umngeni ophambili ojongene neenkqubo zamandla utshintshe ukusuka kumandla okugcina amandla emveli ukuya ekuphatheni ukunyuka kwamandla okwethutyana kwi-millisecond kunye namakhulu ee-kilowatt. Izisombululo zamandla okugcina amandla ze-BBU zemveli, ezigxile kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid, zinengxaki yokungakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye noxinano lwamandla ngenxa yokulibaziseka kwempendulo yeekhemikhali, ukumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi, kunye nokukwazi ukwamkela itshaja enamandla okulinganiselweyo. Ezi ngxaki ziye zaba zizinto eziphambili ezithintela ukuphuculwa kwamandla ekhompyutha ye-single-rack kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.

Itheyibhile 1: Umzobo wesicwangciso sendawo yemo yokugcina amandla e-hybrid enamanqanaba amathathu kwi-rack BBU (umzobo wetheyibhile)

Uphuhliso lweZakhiwo

Ukusuka “kwiBattery Backup” ukuya “kwiThree-Tier Hybrid Energy Storage Mode”

IiBBU zemveli zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiibhetri ukugcina amandla. Zijongene nokunqongophala kwamandla kwinqanaba le-millisecond, iibhetri, ezithintelwe yi-kinetics ye-chemical reaction kunye nokumelana okulinganayo kwangaphakathi, zihlala zisabela ngokukhawuleza kunokugcina amandla okusekwe kwi-capacitor. Ke ngoko, izisombululo ezisecaleni kwe-rack ziqalile ukusebenzisa icebo elisekwe kwinqanaba: “LIC (edlulayo) + BBU (ixesha elifutshane) + UPS/HVDC (ixesha elide)”:

I-LIC iqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye kufutshane ne-DC Bus: iphatha ukubuyiswa kwamandla kwinqanaba le-millisecond kunye nenkxaso ye-voltage (ukutshaja nokukhupha i-voltage ngesantya esiphezulu).

I-BBU (ibhetri okanye enye indawo yokugcina amandla): ilawula ukuthathwa kwamandla kwinqanaba lesibini ukuya kwelemizuzu (inkqubo eyenzelwe ixesha lokugcina idatha).

I-UPS/HVDC ekumgangatho wedatha: ilawula umbane ongaphazanyiswayo wexesha elide kunye nolawulo lwecala legridi.

Olu hluhlu lwabasebenzi luhlukanisa "iinguqu ezikhawulezayo" kunye "neenguqu ezicothayo": ukuzinzisa ibhasi ngelixa kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwexesha elide kunye noxinzelelo lokugcinwa kweeyunithi zokugcina amandla.

Uhlalutyo oluNzulu: Kutheni i-YMINIi-Supercapacitors zeHybrid?

I-Ymin's hybrid supercapacitor LIC (Lithium-ion Capacitor) ngokwesakhiwo idibanisa iimpawu zamandla aphezulu ee-capacitors kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu enkqubo ye-electrochemical. Kwiimeko zembuyekezo yexeshana, isitshixo sokumelana nomthwalo kuku: kukhupha amandla afunekayo ngaphakathi kwethagethi ye-Δt, kunye nokubonelela ngomsinga we-pulse omkhulu ngokwaneleyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lokunyuka kobushushu oluvumelekileyo kunye nokwehla kwe-voltage.

Isiphumo samandla aphezulu: Xa umthwalo we-GPU utshintsha ngequbuliso okanye igridi yamandla itshintshatshintsha, iibhetri zemveli ze-lead-acid, ngenxa yesantya sazo sokuphendula kweekhemikhali esicothayo kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi, zifumana ukuwohloka ngokukhawuleza kwamandla azo okwamkela ukutshaja okunamandla, okubangela ukungakwazi ukuphendula kwi-milliseconds. I-hybrid supercapacitor inokugqiba imbuyekezo ngoko nangoko ngaphakathi kwe-1-50ms, ilandelwe ngamandla okugcina amanqanaba omzuzu avela kumbane we-BBU backup, ukuqinisekisa i-voltage yebhasi ezinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuwa kwebhodi yomama kunye ne-GPU.

Ukuphucula Umthamo kunye Nobunzima: Xa kuthelekiswa "amandla alinganayo afumanekayo (amiselwa yifestile ye-voltage ye-V_hi→V_lo) + ifestile ye-transient equivalent (Δt)," isisombululo se-LIC buffer layer sidla ngokunciphisa umthamo kunye nobunzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-backup yebhetri yendabuko (ukunciphisa umthamo malunga ne-50%–70%, ukunciphisa ubunzima malunga ne-50%–60%, amaxabiso aqhelekileyo awafumaneki esidlangalaleni kwaye afuna ukuqinisekiswa kweprojekthi), ukukhulula indawo ye-rack kunye nezixhobo zokuhamba komoya. (Ipesenti ethile ixhomekeke kwiinkcukacha, izinto zokwakha, kunye nezisombululo zokusasaza ubushushu bento yokuthelekisa; ukuqinisekiswa kweprojekthi ethile kuyacetyiswa.)

Ukuphuculwa kwesantya sokutshaja: I-LIC inamandla okutshaja aphezulu kunye nokukhupha, kwaye isantya sayo sokutshaja sihlala siphezulu kuneso sezisombululo zebhetri (ukuphuculwa kwesantya okungaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezi-5, ukufikelela ekutshajeni ngokukhawuleza okuphantse kube yimizuzu elishumi; umthombo: i-hybrid supercapacitor ngokuchasene namaxabiso ebhetri ye-lead-acid eqhelekileyo). Ixesha lokutshaja limiselwa ngumda wamandla enkqubo, isicwangciso sokutshaja, kunye noyilo lobushushu. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa "ixesha elifunekayo ukuze utshaje kwi-V_hi" njenge-metric yokwamkelwa, kunye novavanyo oluphindaphindwayo lokunyuka kobushushu be-pulse.

Ubomi bomjikelo omde: I-LIC idla ngokubonisa ubomi bomjikelo omde kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zokugcinwa phantsi kweemeko zokutshaja rhoqo kunye nokukhupha (imijikelo eyi-1 yezigidi, ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-6 yobomi, malunga namaxesha angama-200 kuneebhetri zemveli ze-lead-acid; umthombo: Ii-supercapacitors zeHybrid xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lead-acid). Ubomi bomjikelo kunye nemida yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ixhomekeke kwiinkcukacha ezithile kunye neemeko zovavanyo. Ukusuka kwimbono epheleleyo yomjikelo wobomi, oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kunye nokungaphumeleli.

Umfanekiso 2: Inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-hybrid:

Ibhetri yeLithium-ion (inqanaba lomzuzu wesibini) + I-Lithium-ion Capacitor LIC (i-buffer yenqanaba le-millisecond)

Ngokusekelwe kwi-NVIDIA GB300 reference design's Japanese Musashi CCP3300SC (3.8V 3000F), iqhayisa ngobuninzi bomthamo, i-voltage ephezulu, kunye nomthamo ophezulu kwiinkcukacha zayo ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni: i-voltage yokusebenza ye-4.0V kunye nomthamo we-4500F, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugcineni amandla aphezulu kwiseli enye kunye nokukwazi ukubuffer okunamandla ngaphakathi kobukhulu bemodyuli efanayo, ukuqinisekisa impendulo engagungqiyo kwinqanaba le-millisecond.

Iiparameter eziphambili ze-YMIN SLF series hybrid supercapacitors:

I-Voltage elinganisiweyo: 4.0V; Umthamo oqhelekileyo: 4500F

Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi kwe-DC/ESR: ≤0.8mΩ

Ukukhutshwa Okuqhubekayo Kwangoku: 200A

Uluhlu lweeVoltage zokusebenza: 4.0–2.5V

Isebenzisa isisombululo se-BBU sendawo esisekelwe kwi-YMIN se-hybrid supercapacitor, inokubonelela ngembuyekezo yamandla aphezulu kwibhasi ye-DC ngaphakathi kwefestile ye-millisecond, iphucula uzinzo lwe-voltage yebhasi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izisombululo ezine-energy efanayo ekhoyo kunye nefestile ye-transient, umaleko we-buffer uhlala unciphisa ukuhlalwa kwendawo kwaye ukhulule izixhobo ze-rack. Ikwafaneleka ngakumbi ekutshajeni nasekukhupheni i-frequency ephezulu kunye neemfuno zokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza, kunciphisa uxinzelelo lokugcinwa. Ukusebenza okuthe ngqo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zeprojekthi.

Isikhokelo sokukhetha: Ukufanisa ngokuchanekileyo imeko

Ukujongana nemingeni enzima yamandla ekhompyutha e-AI, uyilo olutsha kwiinkqubo zobonelelo lwamandla lubalulekile.I-YMIN's SLF 4.0V 4500F hybrid supercapacitor, ngetekhnoloji yayo eqinileyo, ibonelela ngesisombululo se-BBU buffer layer esisebenza kakuhle nesithembeke kakhulu esiveliswe apha ekhaya, esinika inkxaso ephambili yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, olusebenzayo, nolunamandla oluqhubekayo lweziko ledatha ze-AI.

Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluneenkcukacha zobugcisa, singabonelela: amaphepha edatha, idatha yovavanyo, iitafile zokukhetha usetyenziso, iisampulu, njl. Nceda unikezele ngolwazi oluphambili olufana: i-voltage yebhasi, i-ΔP/Δt, ubukhulu bendawo, ubushushu be-ambient, kunye neenkcukacha zobomi ukuze sikwazi ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza ngeengcebiso zoqwalaselo.

Icandelo le-Q&A

Q: Umthwalo weGPU weseva ye-AI unokunyuka nge-150% ngaphakathi kwee-milliseconds, kwaye iibhetri ze-lead-acid zemveli azikwazi ukuqhubeka. Lithini ixesha elithile lokuphendula le-YMIN lithium-ion supercapacitors, kwaye uyifumana njani le nkxaso ikhawulezayo?

A: Ii-YMIN hybrid supercapacitors (SLF 4.0V 4500F) zixhomekeke kwimigaqo yokugcina amandla omzimba kwaye zinokumelana okuphantsi kakhulu kwangaphakathi (≤0.8mΩ), okuvumela ukukhutshwa kwesantya esiphezulu ngoko nangoko kuluhlu lwe-1-50 millisecond. Xa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumthwalo we-GPU lubangela ukwehla okukhulu kwe-voltage yebhasi ye-DC, inokukhupha umbane omkhulu ngaphandle kokulibaziseka, ihlawule ngokuthe ngqo amandla ebhasi, ngaloo ndlela ithengela ixesha umbane we-backend BBU ukuba uvuke kwaye uthathe indawo, ukuqinisekisa utshintsho olugudileyo lwe-voltage kwaye kuthintelwe iimpazamo zokubala okanye ukuphahlazeka kwezixhobo ezibangelwa kukwehla kwe-voltage.

Isishwankathelo ekupheleni kweli nqaku

Imeko Ezisebenzayo: Ifanelekile kwi-AI server rack-level BBUs (Backup Power Units) kwiimeko apho ibhasi ye-DC ijongene nokunyuka kwamandla ombane/ukwehla kwamandla ombane kwinqanaba le-millisecond; isebenza kwi-"hybrid supercapacitor + BBU" local buffer architecture yokuzinzisa amandla ombane ebhasini kunye ne-transient compensation phantsi kokucima kombane kwexesha elifutshane, ukuguquguquka kwegridi, kunye notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lomthwalo we-GPU.

Iingenelo eziphambili: Impendulo ekhawulezayo yenqanaba le-Millisecond (ehlawula iifestile ezitshintshayo ze-1-50ms); ukumelana okuphantsi kwangaphakathi/ubuchule obuphezulu bamandla ombane, ukuphucula uzinzo lwevolthi yebhasi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqalisa kwakhona okungalindelekanga; ixhasa ukutshaja nokukhupha itshaja ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, inciphisa ixesha lokubuyisela amandla okuxhasa; ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimeko zokutshaja nokukhupha itshaja ngesantya esiphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezisombululo zebhetri zemveli, inceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokugcinwa kunye neendleko zobomi bonke.

Imodeli Ecetyiswayo: YMIN Square Hybrid Supercapacitor SLF 4.0V 4500F

Idatha (Iinkcukacha/Iingxelo zoVavanyo/Iisampulu) Ukufunyanwa:

Iwebhusayithi Esemthethweni: www.ymin.com
Inombolo yoNxibelelwano yoBugcisa: 021-33617848

Iingxelo (Imithombo Yoluntu)

[1] I-NVIDIA Official Public Information/Technical Blog: Intshayelelo kwi-GB300 NVL72 (Power Shelf) Rack-Level Transient Smoothing/Energy Storage

[2] Iingxelo Zikawonke-wonke ezivela kwiMidiya/Amaziko afana neTrendForce: Izicelo ze-LIC ezinxulumene ne-GB200/GB300 kunye nolwazi lweCandelo loNikezelo

[3] IShanghai YMIN Electronics ibonelela nge-“SLF 4.0V 4500F Hybrid Supercapacitor Specifications”