Ukuqonda indlela i-cancit-capattor isebenza ngayo: Ukungena okunzulu ekusebenzeni, izicelo, kunye nefuthe

I-ACocitors yi-Ubiquitoous kwihlabathi le-elektroniki, elisisiseko ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo ezingenakubalwa kunye neenkqubo. Zilula kuYilo lwazo kodwa ngokudibeneyo kuguqulelo kwizicelo zabo. Ukuyixabisa ngokwenene indima ye-cancecitors kwitekhnoloji yale mihla, kubalulekile ukuba ube nesakhiwo, ubalulekile kwimithetho-siseko, indlela yokuziphatha kwiziphaluka, kunye nobubanzi bezicelo zabo. Olu vavanyo lubanzi luya kubonelela ngokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo ukuba iingxaki zisebenza njani, zandise kwimpembelelo yazo kwitekhnoloji kunye nokubanakho kwexesha elizayo.

Isakhiwo esisisiseko seCapacitor

Kwinkathalo yayo, i-capacitor iqulethe iipleyiti ezimbini ezinomgangatho obini owahlukene nezinto zokufaka izilwanyana ezaziwa ngokuba sisidlo sediliya. Esi sakhiwo esisisiseko sinokufezekiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-canotitor ye-paill-yeplate yeplate ukuya kwiifoto ezintsonkothileyo ezifana ne-cylindrical okanye i-sphecitocitors. Iipleyiti ezisebenzayo zihlala zisenziwa ngesinyithi, ezinjenge-aluminium okanye i-tantalm, ngelixa izinto ezizezila zomgangatho zinokuvela kwi-ceramic kwiifilimu zePolymer, kuxhomekeka kwisicelo esithile.

Iipleyiti ziqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yangaphandle, idla ngokusebenzisa i-terminals ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kwevolthi. Xa i-voltage isetyenziswa kwiplate nganye, intsimi yombane iveliswa ngaphakathi kwesidima, esikhokelela ekuqokeleleni iintlawulo kwipleyiti kwipleyiti enye kunye ne-negative kwelinye. Esi sahlulo sentlawulo yindlela esisiseko ngayoamachaphazaGcina amandla ombane.

I-physics ngasemva kokugcina

Inkqubo yokugcina amandla kwi-capacitor ilawulwa yimithetho-siseko ye-elektrostikis. Xa ivolthi

V isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iipleyiti zeCapacit, intsimi yombane

Ephuhlisa kwimibandela yedipile. Lo mhlaba unika amandla kwi-elektroni yasimahla kwiipleyiti ezisebenzayo, ebangele ukuba bahambe. I-electroni iqokelele kwiplate enye, ukudala intlawulo engentle, ngelixa enye iplati ilahlekile, ihlawulwe kakuhle.

Izinto ezibonakalayo zeDiecric zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni amandla okugcina intlawulo. Ikwenza oko ngokunciphisa umhlaba wombane phakathi kweepleyiti zexabiso elinikiweyo letyala, elinyusa ngokufanelekileyo amandla esixhobo. Amandla

C ichazwa njengomyinge wentlawulo

Q igcinwe kwiipleyiti ukuya kwivolthi

V Isetyenziswe:

Le nxatation ibonisa ukuba amandla alingane ngokuthe ngqo kwityala eligcinwe kwi-voltage. Iyunithi yeCanucitance yi-farad (F), ebizwa emva koMichael FARADAY, onguvulindlela okufunda kwi-Electromagnetism.

Izinto ezininzi zinefuthe lokungabinakho ukuxhotyiswa kweCapacitonity:

1. Indawo ephezulu yeplate: Iipleyiti ezinkulu zinokugcina intlawulo engaphezulu, ekhokelela kwiCaphu engaphezulu.
2. Umgama phakathi kweepleyiti: Umgama omncinci unyusa amandla entsimi yombane kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amandla.
3. Izinto zeDeectric: Uhlobo lwesidlo ledipiki kuchaphazela amandla eCapacicit yokugcina intlawulo. Izixhobo kunye ne-diectric ephezulu kakhulu (ubume) yonyusa amandla.

Kwimigaqo esebenzayo, abasebenzi abanamachaphaza ngokwesiqhelo banamandla abavela kwiiPicasods (PF) ukuya kwi-FARADS (F), kuxhomekeka kubungakanani babo, uyilo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenjongo.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhululwa

Amandla agcinwe kwi-capacitor ngumsebenzi wecawa yawo kunye nesikwere se-voltage kwiipleyiti zayo. Amandla

Egcinwe inokubonakaliswa njenge:

Le quation ityhila amandla ukuba amandla agcinwe kwi-capacitoti yonyusa amandla kunye nevolthi. Ngokubalulekileyo, indlela yokugcina amandla e-Aceditors yahlukile kuleyo yeebhetri. Ngelixa iibhetri zigcina amandla ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhulule kancinci, i-Cacitoitors ivenkile ye-ACHECOSTROSTRORDETATIR kwaye ingayikhulula phantse kwangoko. Lo mahluko wenza amandla okwenza izicelo ezifuna ukukhawuleza kuqhume ukuqhuma kwamandla.

Xa isekethe yangaphandle ivumela, i-capacitor inokukwenza amandla alo agciniweyo, ukukhulula intlawulo eqokelelweyo. Le nkqubo yokukhupha inokulawula amandla ahlukeneyo kwisekethe, kuxhomekeka kumandla eCapacicite kunye neemfuno zesekethe.

Amachaphaza kwi-AC kunye ne-DC

Indlela yokuziphatha yeakhono ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwesekethe ethe ngqo (i-DC) kunye nesekethe ekhoyo (i-AC), ibenzela izinto eziguquguqukayo kwi-elektroniki kuyilo.

1. Amachaphaza kwisekethe i-DC: Kwisekethe i-DC, xa i-capacitor iqhagamshelwe kumthombo wevolthi, okokuqala ivumela ngoku njengoko ibambisa. Njengeendawo zokuhlanjwa kweCanociori, i-voltage yonke ipleyiti yayo yonyuka, ichasa i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, i-voltage kuyo yonke i-Capacitor ilingana ne-voltage esetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokuhamba kwangoku, malunga nenqaku elihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo. Okweli nqanaba, izenzo ze-canocitor zinjengesekethe evulekileyo, ivimba ngokufanelekileyo nayiphi na ukuhamba kwangoku.Le propati ixhaphaza izicelo njengokutshintsha okungafunekiyo kwiindawo ezisebenza ngamandla, apho amandla anokucoca i-ripples kwi-DC Voltage, ebonelela ngemveliso eqingqiweyo.
2. Amachaphaza kwiseketheKwisekethe ye-AC, i-voltage isetyenziswa kwi-capacitor eqhubekayo itshintsha indlela. Olu phawu lutshintshe lubangela ukuba i-capacitor ihlawule kwaye ikhuphe umjikelo ngamnye womqondiso ngamnye. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuziphatha, amachaphaza kwisekethe ye-AC ivumela i-AC yangoku ukuba idlule ngelixa ivimba nayiphi naIzinto ze-DC.Ukrokra
   $ZZ$

    

   Z ze-capacitor kwisekethe ye-AC inikwe:

    

   $Z\; =\; 12\pi fcz\; =\; \backslash \; frac\; \{1\}\; \{2\; \backslash \; PI\; FC\}$

    
   

Phif yindlela yokuhamba-nye kumqondiso we-AC. Le quation ibonisa ukuba ukugqiba kukaCapacioring kunciphisa isantya esandayo, kokwenza i-racitives iluncedo kwizicelo ze-Filthancy apho zinokuyivimba imiqondiso ye-freet) ngelixa ivumela imiqondiso ephantsi (enje nge-AC) idlule.

Izicelo ezisebenzayo ze-capacitors

Amandla adityanisiweyo zibalulekile kwizicelo ezininzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji. Ukukwazi kwabo ukugcina nokukhupha amandla, imiqondiso yefilitha, kunye nefuthe ngexesha lesekethe lenza ukuba babe nakho ukubandakanyeka kwizixhobo ezininzi ze-elektroniki.

1. Iinkqubo zoNcedo lwaMandla: Kwisekethe yokuhambisa amandla, amachaphaza asetyenziselwa ukuthoba ukuguquguquka kwi-voltage, ukubonelela ngemveliso emiselweyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezifuna ukubonelelwa ngamandla okungaguqukiyo, ezinjengeekhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones. Amandla okuba iinkqubo zisebenza njengeefilitha, afunxa i-spikes kunye ne-hips kwi-voltage kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kombane oqingqiweyo.Ukongeza, amachaphaza asetyenziswa kwizibonelelo zamandla ezingafakwanga (phezulu) ukubonelela ngamandla okugcina ngexesha lokuphuma okufutshane. Amandla amakhulu, ezaziwa ngokuba ziindawo zokuphezulu, zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwezi zicelo ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza.
2. Ukulungiswa kwesiginali: Kwisekethe, i-capacitors idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwesiginali. Zisetyenziselwa ukucoca i-filters ukuba idlule okanye ibhlokho i-frequency eqhelekileyo, ibumba umqondiso wokuqhubekeka. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo zeaudiyo, amachaphaza anceda ukucoca ingxolo engafunekiyo, eqinisekisa ukuba kuphela i-Audio enqwenelekayo kwaye idluliselwa.I-ACHECITORS ikwasetyenziswa nakwizicelo zokucoca kunye nokucofa. Ukudibana, i-capacitor ivumela imiqondiso ye-Ac ukuba iphumelele ukusuka kwinqanaba elinye lesiphaluka kwelinye ngelixa ivelisa izinto zeDC ezinokuthi ziphazamise ukusebenza kwezigaba ezilandelayo. Ukucofa, amachaphaza abekwe ngaphaya kwemigca yokuhambisa amandla ukucoca ingxolo kwaye kuthintele ekuchaphazeleni izinto ezibuthathaka.
3. I-Tunth SekerIinkqubo zikanomathotholo kunye nonxibelelwano, amandla asetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokwenza iziseko zokudala imijikelezo enokuthi ifakwe kwi-frequency eqhelekileyo. Olu hlaselo lubalulekile ekukhetheni imiqondiso enqwenelekayo ukusuka kwindawo ebanzi, njengakwiRadiyo, apho amachaphaza anceda ukwahlula kwaye anyuse umqondiso womdla.
4. Ixesha lexesha kunye ne-oscillator isekethe: Amandla, ngokudibeneyo nabaphathi, asetyenziselwa ukwenza imijikelezo yexesha, njengezo zifunyenwe kwiiwotshi, amaxesha, kunye nee-verators. Ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kweCapacitor ngokusebenzisa ixesha lokugcina ixesha eliqikelelweyo, elinokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imiqondiso yexeshana okanye ukwenzela iziganeko ngamaxesha athile.Iisekethe ze-Oscillator, ezivelisa amaqhuqhuva aqhubekayo, zixhomekeke kwi-achicitors. Kwezi sekethe, intlawulo ye-Capacit kunye ne-capacitor kunye nemijikelezo yokubhobhoza Yenza i-oscicles efunekayo kwimiqondiso esetyenzisiweyo kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-radimitcheters kwi-elektroniki yosulelo.
5. Ukugcinwa kwamandla: I-Supercacitors, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-iltracacitors, imele inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla. Ezi zixhobo zinokugcina izixa ezikhulu zamandla kwaye zikhulule ngokukhawuleza, zenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokukhawuleza, njengeenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili kwezomthetho kwizithuthi zombane. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri zemveli, abasasazi be-Supercacitors baneendawo zokuhlala ezinde, banokumelana ngakumbi ngemijikelezo, kwaye bahlawulise kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.I-Supercacitors ikwahlolwa ukuze isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezihlaziyiweyo zamandla, apho zingagcina amandla aveliswe ziiphaneli zelanga okanye ukuncedisa ekuzinziseni igridi yamandla.
6. Amandla e-elektrolytic: Amandla e-elektrolytic anengxaki luhlobo lwe-cancecitor esebenzisa i-electrolyte yokufezekisa amandla aphezulu kunezinye iintlobo. Ziqhelekile kwizicelo apho i-candlatisi enkulu iyafuneka kwivolumu encinci, njengokucoca amandla okungcola kunye nokuhambisa amabala. Nangona kunjalo, banobomi obulinganiselweyo xa kuthelekiswa nakwamanye amachaphaza, njengoko i-electrolyte inokuma ngokuhamba kwexesha, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nokungasebenzi kunye nokungaphumeleli.

Imeko yexesha elizayo kunye nezinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji ye-Cacecioutiwe

Njengoko itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka ivela, kanjalo ikwenze uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-Caneccitor. Abaphandi baphonononge izixhobo ezintsha kunye noyilo lokuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla, kubenza basebenze ngakumbi, bomelele, kwaye bakwazi ukugcina amandla ngakumbi.

1. I-nanotechnology: Inkqubela phambili e-Nanotechnology ikhokelela kuphuhliso lwamandla kunye nepropathi ephuculweyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-nanomasteals, enjengeGraine kunye ne-carbon nanobs, abaphandi banokwenza amachaphaza anoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamandla kunye nokukhupha ngokukhawuleza imijikelezo. Ezi zicelo zinokukhokelela kumandla amancinci, anamandla ngakumbi afanelekileyo ukuba azisebenzise kwi-Electronic ephathekayo kunye nezithuthi zombane.
2. Amandla aqinileyo-kaRhulumente: Amandla karhulumente aqinileyo, asebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo endaweni yolwelo, aza kuxhaphaka kwizicelo eziphezulu zomsebenzi. Aba banamachaphaza banikezela ukuthembeka okuphuculweyo, iipanans ezinde, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu athelekiswa namandla omculo wemveli.
3. I-bhed eguquguqukayo kwaye ibonakale i-elektroniki: Njengoko ii-elektroniki eziguquguqukayo kunye ne-elektroniki eziguquguqukayo ziye zathandwa kakhulu, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yabasebenzi abanokugoba kwaye bawolule ngaphandle kokulahleka. Abaphandi baphuhlisa abasebenzi abaguquguqukayo besebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-polymers esebenzayo kunye neefilimu ezilusileyo, ezivumela izicelo ezintsha zokhathalelo lwempilo, ukomelela, kunye nombane nabathengi.
4. Ukuvunwa kwamandla: Amandla ahlambuluki adlala indima ekwenzeni itekhnoloji yokuvuna kwamandla, apho asetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla afakwe kwimithombo yendalo esingqongileyo, efana neephaneli zelanga, ukungcola, okanye ubushushu. Ezi nkqubo zinokubonelela ngamandla kwizixhobo ezincinci okanye izinzwa kwiindawo ezikude, ukunciphisa isidingo seebhetri zemveli.
5. I-Abcala yeqondo eliphezulu lobushushu: Kukho uphando oluqhubekayo kubaxhasi olunokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, olubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo kwi-aerospace, kwizithuthi, kunye noseto lwemizi-mveliso. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa izixhobo zokutya eziphezulu ezinokumelana neemeko ezigqithileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinobunzima.

Ukuqukumbela

I-APICITORS zizinto ezingenantsingiselo kwii-elektroniki zangoku, zidlale iindima ezinobunzima bokugcina amandla, ukulungiswa kwesiginali, ulawulo lwamandla kunye nemijikelezo yamandla. Ukukwazi kwabo ukugcina nokukhulula amandla ngokukhawuleza kubenza balungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekuboneleleni ngamandla okulungisa inkqubo yokuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezinzima. Njengoko itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili, ukuphuculwa koyilo olutsha lweCapacian kunye nezixhobo ezithembisa ukwandisa izakhono zabo nangakumbi, ukuqhuba ubuchule kwiindawo ezinjengeekhompyuter ezihlaziyiweyo. Ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo amandla, kwaye bayayixabisa indlela abasebenza ngayo kunye nefuthe lokusebenza, babonelela ngesiseko sokuphononongwa kwendawo enkulu nehlala ikhulayo ye-elektroniki.